Gorilla

SOLITARY BEHAVIOURS

Idle: Inactive, at rest, not engaged in any obvious activity or otherwise defined behaviour.

Locomotor: Moving actively on ground or climbing (not related to foraging).

Feed/forage: Actively eating, carrying, searching for or processing food, drinking water.

Object manipulation: Actively handling an object that is not food. (enrichment: “~E”).

Anticipatory: Visually attending to staff or adjacent staff area for ≥3 s while within 3m of barrier.

Self-directed: Includes grooming (touching, licking, inspecting hair), scratching, self-mouthing (but grooming in singular body location, chewing, or plucking hair or skin in a repetitive fashion and for more than 20s is ARB).

Vigilant: Actively looking around the environment, but not towards gates, staff or near staff areas (this would be anticipatory behaviour).

Display: Animal performs an active, demonstrative movement, usually bipedally and can involve running, hitting objects, rushing towards other animals, and vocalisations.

Not visible: Animal is not within view of the observer.

ABNORMAL REPETATIVE BEHAVIOURS

Regurgitation, reingestion: Voluntary retrograde movement of fluid into mouth, hands, or substrate followed by subsequent consumption (one bout consists of pre-R/R behaviour (stomach drumming, hand shaking, etc.), regurgitation and reingestion).

Coprophagy: Ingesting faeces (one bout refers to transfer to mouth and consumption).

Hair plucking: Pulling out hair, inspecting it and potentially ingesting it (one bout consists of subsequent plucking, inspecting, ingesting or discarding).

Picking: Repeatedly disturbing an existing wound or creating a new wound (one bout ends when behaviour has stopped for 5 s).

Other: Includes ear cupping, tongue wagging, lip rolling, head or hand shaking, etc. (one bout ends when behaviour has stopped for 5s).

SOCIAL BEHAVIOURS (dynamic)

Affiliative: Animal is receiving or initiating allogrooming, social play, or sexual behaviour. Sitting or at rest in close proximity (within arms reach if one or both individuals extended an arm, they could touch).

Agonistic: Animal is tight-lipped, charging, chest beating, ground slapping, throwing straw, etc. at another individual or strikes another individual in an aggressive manner. Vocalisations may include screams and/or barks.

Displace: Animal approaches another, the other moves away (animal can be initiating or receiving a displace behaviour).

AROUSAL LEVEL (scored every scan, or at intervals)

Low arousal: Animal is resting or conducting any behaviours slowly, not moving far or fast, and assumed to be at a resting heart rate. Muscles appear to be relaxed. 

Some arousal: Animal is moving at a medium pace and with motivation, where it clearly has a task it wants to complete. It does not seem to be urgently or fearfully moving around, running fast or vocalising loudly/frequently.

High arousal: Animal is moving more than one body lengths per second and is assumed to have a higher than resting heart rate, and may be vocalising loudly and/or frequently. If visible, the eyes may be wide and showing the whites, and head movements may be frequent. Even if remaining still, muscles may appear tensed. 

Other behaviour: Any behaviour not listed.